Which problem can result from cavitation in a centrifugal pump?

Cavitation in a centrifugal pump occurs when the pressure inside a pump drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid being pumped, which can cause the formation of vapor bubbles. As these bubbles travel through the pump to areas of higher pressure, they collapse or implode, leading to shock waves that can cause significant damage to the pump's internal components. This damage can manifest as pitting, erosion, or even complete failure of critical parts such as the impeller and volute.

Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for maintaining the longevity and performance of the pump. Proper operational conditions, including monitoring the net positive suction head (NPSH) available versus the NPSH required, can help prevent cavitation and the associated damage. In contrast, increased efficiency, reduced maintenance needs, and excessive flow rate do not directly relate to the effects of cavitation; instead, these issues often arise from other operational factors or design considerations.